To view what's written in a file.

cat :- cat command is used to view the contents of a file.

syntax: cat <file_name>

To change the access permissions of files.

chmod:- Change the permission of a file or directory.

syntax: chmod parameter <file_name/dir_name>

Parameters: The mode which consists of 3 parts, owner, group, and others means what will be the permissions for these modes, and you must specify them.

The permission is one of the followings:

Read =4

Write = 2

Execute =1

Every permission represented by a number as shown, and you can combine permissions.

owner: set it to 7, which means 4+2+1 means read+write+execute.

group: set it to 5, which means 4+1 means read+execute.

other: set it to 5, which means 4+1 means read+execute.

To check which commands you have run till now .

history:- history command is used to view the previously executed command.

To remove a directory /Folder.

rm :- rm command is used to delete file and directory

rm -r - to remove files/dir. recursively.

rm -rf - it will remove files/dir. recursively and forcefully.

To create a fruits.txt file and to view the content.

touch :- touch command is used to create an empty file.

cat :- Cat(concatenate) command is very frequently used in Linux. It reads data from the file and gives its content as output. It helps us to create, view, and concatenate files.

Add content in devops.txt (One in each line)- Apple, Mango, Banana , Cherry, Kiwi, Orange , Guava.

cat :- It reads data from the file and gives its content as output. It helps us to create, view, add data in files, append data in files and concatenate files.

echo :- echo command is used to (>)add content in a file and (>>) to append text at the end.

To show only top three fruits from the file.

head:- print the top N number of data of the given input. By default, it prints the first 10 lines of the specified files.

syntax:

head <file_name> : Prints the first 10 lines

head -n <file_name> : Prints the first ‘n’ number lines instead of first 10 lines

To show only the bottom three fruits from the file.

tail:- Used to display bottom line of a file. By default, it prints the last 10 lines of the specified files.

syntax:

tail <file_name> : Prints the last 10 lines

tail -n <file_name> : Prints the last ‘n’ number lines instead of first 10 lines

To create another file Colours.txt

touch :- touch command is used to create an empty file.

Add contents in Colours.txt (One in each line) - Red, Pink, White, Black, Blue, Orange, Purple, Grey.

To find the difference between fruits.txt and Colours.txt file.

diff - Used to find differences b/w two files.

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